System Integrated Metals Processing: Final report available (link)

The main target of Show Case 4 – CARBO was to clarify the feasibility of using alternative reducing agents in the metallurgical processes to lower the carbon footprint of metal production without compromising product quality and efficient process operation. The main emphasis in Show Case 4 was placed on the use of biomass-based reductants, which are considered to be sustainable fuels due to their renewability. The prior knowledge concerning the use of biomass-based reductants in modern metallurgical processes is vague, which has restricted wider use of these reductants in the industry. In Show Case 4, the feasible physical and chemical properties of biomass-based reducing agents to be used in different metallurgical processes were investigated. New tools and methods to test the properties of reducing agents and to create new specifications for efficient use in metallurgical unit processes were developed. Economic and environmental synergies of several process integration opportunities were also evaluated in the project. As a result of the project, there is now a much better understanding of the limitations and opportunities in using biomass-based reducing agents in metallurgical unit processes. The project results shed light on the economic constraints and the possible CO2 emission reduction potential.